Fire is essential for warmth, light, cooking, water purification, and signaling. You should have at least two ways to start a fire with you, such as matches, lighters, flint and steel, or a 9V battery and steel wool. You should also know how to find dry tinder and kindling, and how to make a fire pit or a fire reflector.
Learn how to find and purify water.
Water is vital for survival, as you can only live up to three days without it. You should always carry some water with you and have a way to filter and purify it. You can use a water filter, boiling, chemical tablets, or solar disinfection to make water safe to drink. You should also know how to find water sources in the wild, such as streams, springs, rainwater, dew, or snow.
Learn how to craft a shelter.
Shelter can protect you from exposure to the sun, cold, wind, rain, or snow. You should have some items to make a shelter with you, such as a tent, a tarp, a poncho, or an emergency blanket. You can also use natural materials to make a shelter, such as branches, leaves, or snow. You should know how to make a simple lean-to shelter or a debris hut that can keep you warm and dry.
Learn how to locate a food source.
Food is not as urgent as water or shelter, but it can provide you with energy and nutrients. You should have some food with you, such as energy bars, canned goods, or dried fruits and nuts. You can also look for edible plants, insects, fish, or small animals in the wild. However, you should only eat what you know is safe and avoid anything that is poisonous or spoiled.
Learn how to stay calm and assess the situation.
Panic can cloud your judgment and make you waste time and resources. You should stay calm and think rationally about your situation. You should also establish a hierarchy of priorities and focus on the most important tasks first²⁴. You should also signal for help whenever possible by using fire, flashing light, bright colors, flags, mirrors, or whistles²⁴.